{"id":3489,"date":"2024-09-02T11:30:18","date_gmt":"2024-09-02T09:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/?page_id=3489"},"modified":"2025-11-24T09:33:23","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T08:33:23","slug":"brobygning-og-statistik","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/?page_id=3489","title":{"rendered":"Brobygning og statistik"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\" wp-block-cover alignfull is-light eplus-wrapper\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1927\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-3495\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/riho-kroll-m4sGYaHYN5o-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=2560%2C1927&#038;ssl=1\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/riho-kroll-m4sGYaHYN5o-unsplash-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/riho-kroll-m4sGYaHYN5o-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C226&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/riho-kroll-m4sGYaHYN5o-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C771&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/riho-kroll-m4sGYaHYN5o-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C578&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/riho-kroll-m4sGYaHYN5o-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1156&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/riho-kroll-m4sGYaHYN5o-unsplash-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1541&amp;ssl=1 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#a4a3a1\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><p class=\" has-text-align-center has-large-font-size eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-7189d1\">Brobygning og statistik<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Vi skal se lidt p\u00e5 statistik og sandsynlighedsregning. Vi skal kaste lidt med nogle terninger, b\u00e5de fysiske og t\u00e6nkte, under s\u00f8ge om firmaer holder hvad de lover og se om vi kan g\u00f8re livet for en matematikl\u00e6rer mere simpelt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Denne side inderholder materialer som vi skal bruge i forbindelse med undervisningen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Terningekast<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Vi skal kaste lidt med en terning. I regnearket herunder skal du indtaste i den f\u00f8rste kolonne det antal \u00f8jne som du f\u00e5r. Det kan fx v\u00e6re 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Link til dokumentet findes <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1llKCswB0Bi89UD0O4yllwDXENmL1N_BO80aZWnVWp38\/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">her<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Simulation af terningekast<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Vi skal se p\u00e5 hvordan der ser ud hvis vi kaster med en terning rigtig mange gange. Til det er det nemmere at lave en simulation af terninge kast i et regneark. Du kan lave det i excel eller du kan lave det i google sheets. Fremgangsm\u00e5den er skrevet herunder.<\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-6e1279\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">I den f\u00f8rste kolonne skal du i A1 skrive &#8220;<strong>terning 1<\/strong>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">I feltet A2 skal du skrive &#8220;<strong>=slumpmellem(1;6)<\/strong>&#8221; &#8211; denne kommando genererer et vilk\u00e5rligt tal mellem 1 og 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Kopi\u00e9r celle A2 ned til A1001 (s\u00e5 du har 1000 terningekast)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">I kollone C skriver du i feltet C1 &#8220;<strong>\u00f8jne<\/strong>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Herunder skriver du tallene 1 til 6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">I kollonne D skriver du i feltet D1 &#8220;<strong>hyppighed<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Herunder skriver du &#8220;<strong>=t\u00e6l.hvis(A2:A1000,C2)<\/strong>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Marker feltet D2 og tr\u00e6k i hj\u00f8rnet cellen ned til D7.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Du kan evt. hente en skabelon <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1KyGOOWLM83FRpi-aaKGyxPUad6ykBeQhcYjfAyDKCtU\/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">her<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Normalfordeling<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Vi har nu set p\u00e5 fordelingen af antallet af \u00f8jne n\u00e5r vi kaster med flere \u00f8jne. Den fordeling der fremkommer kalder vi en normalfordeling. Vi skal nu se lidt p\u00e5 normalfordelingen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Videoen herunder fort\u00e6ller om hvordan vi kan bruge en normalfordeling til at fort\u00e6lle noget om sandsynlighederne for at noget sker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube eplus-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2tuBREK_mgE?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=da-DK&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">For at finde sandsynligheder i en normalfordeling bruger vi det der kaldes en z-score tabel. Z-scoren fort\u00e6ller os hvor mange standardafvigelser (\\(\\sigma\\)) en v\u00e6rdi ligger fra middelv\u00e6rdien (\\(\\mu\\)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide eplus-wrapper is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b8b37585 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained eplus-styles-uid-92d7d1\">\n<h5 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">S\u00e5dan afl\u00e6ser du z-scoren<\/h5>\n\n\n<ol class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-4e60e5\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Beregn z-scoren med formlen: \\(z = \\frac{x &#8211; \\mu}{\\sigma}\\)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Find de f\u00f8rste to cifre af z (f.eks. 1,2) i venstre kolonne<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">FInde det tredje ciffer (f.eks 0,06 for z = 1,26) \u00f8verste i tabellen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Finde krydset mellem r\u00e6kke og kolonne &#8211; dette er din sandsynlighed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><strong>Eksempel:<\/strong> Hvis z = 1,26, finder du 1,2 i venstre kolonne (13. r\u00e6kke) i tabel nummer 2 og 0,06 \u00f8verst i tabellen (7. kolonne), hvilket giver 0,8962 eller 89,62%.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\" id=\"z-scoretabel\">z-score tabel<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Du finder tabellen over z-score herunder<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\" wp-block-image size-full eplus-wrapper\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"781\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_1627.png?resize=759%2C781&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_1627.png?w=759&amp;ssl=1 759w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_1627.png?resize=292%2C300&amp;ssl=1 292w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\" wp-block-image size-full eplus-wrapper\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"793\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_1628.png?resize=759%2C793&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_1628.png?w=759&amp;ssl=1 759w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mxth.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/IMG_1628.png?resize=287%2C300&amp;ssl=1 287w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-background-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-f4bc8fbd180db88b9e87e89fa4f95a0d eplus-styles-uid-194490\">\n<h5 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Opgave 1<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Et kaffem\u00e6rke leveres i 500 grams pakninger. For en sikkerheds skyld indstiller man p\u00e5fyldningsmaskinen til at h\u00e6lde 515 gram kaffe i hver pakke. Det antages, at den p\u00e5fyldte v\u00e6gt er normalfordelt med \u00b5 = 515 gram og \u03c3 = 10 gram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Bestem sandsynligheden for, at en tilf\u00e6ldig valgt pakning vejer<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-9f8e55\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">under 500 gram<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">mellem 500 gram og 525 gram<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id3489_13e0f0-ef kt-accordion-has-2-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane3489_882e9b-2c\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Hint \ud83d\udca1<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Beregn f\u00f8rst z-scoren for 500 gram. Husk at \\(z=\\frac{x-\\mu}{\\sigma}\\)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane3489_823fe9-fe\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Vis l\u00f8sning<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><strong>a) Under 500 gram<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(z=\\frac{500 &#8211; 515}{10}=\\frac{-15}{10}=-1,5\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Udfra z-scoren kan det i tabellen afl\u00e6ses at: \\(P(Z &lt; -1,5)\u22480,0668=6,68%\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><strong>b) Mellem 500 og 525 gram:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(z_1=\\frac{500 &#8211; 515}{10}=-1,50 \\rightarrow P(Z&lt;-1,50)\u22480,0668\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(z_2=\\frac{525 &#8211; 515}{10}=1,00 \\rightarrow P(Z&lt;1,00)\u22480,8413\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(P(500&lt;X&lt;525)=0,8413 &#8211; 0,0668 = 0,7745 = 77,45%<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-755319090bd8bf4d4ca7ec37b2626a34 eplus-styles-uid-4486c0\">\n<h5 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Opgave 2<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-foreground-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-e2c68da7f3b0f14b0f5360e0f6e35c6c\">N\u00e5r der fyldes m\u00e6lk p\u00e5 en liter katon, s\u00e5 fyldes der ikke altid pr\u00e6cist 1 liter m\u00e6lk i. Maskinen, der foretager p\u00e5fyldningen, vil udvise sm\u00e5 variationer fra gang til gang, og vi kan antage, at der er tale om en normalfordeling. For at v\u00e6re lidt p\u00e5 den sikre side indstilles maskinen til i middel at p\u00e5fylde 1,015 liter. Antag, at spredningen er 0,008 liter.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-bc9970\"><li class=\" eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-eca272\">hvad er sandsynligheden for at en karton indeholder mindre end 1 liter?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id3489_5b555e-c9 kt-accordion-has-2-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane3489_ed2d77-cb\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Vis l\u00f8sning<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(\\mu = 1,015\\) liter, \\(\\sigma=0,008\\) liter, \\(x=1,000\\) liter<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(z = \\frac{1,000 &#8211; 1,015}{0,008} = -1,875\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Udfra z-scoren kan vi i tabellen afl\u00e6se: P(Z &lt; -1,88) \u2248 0.0301 = 3,01%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><strong>Svar:<\/strong> Cirka 3% af kartonerne indeholder mindre end 1 liter.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide eplus-wrapper is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2c3e8c48 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained eplus-styles-uid-ea3e02\">\n<h5 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Opgave 3<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Et v\u00e6rksted producerer sm\u00e5 metalplader. Det antages, at tykkelsen af de producerede plader er normalfordelt med en middelv\u00e6rdi p\u00e5 2,50 mm og en spredning p\u00e5 0,10 mm. K\u00f8beren kr\u00e6ver, at pladernes tykkelse h\u00f8jest m\u00e5 afvige med 0.15 mm fra middelv\u00e6rdien.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-62a82f\"><li class=\" eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-d8e1d8\">hvor mange procent af pladerne m\u00e5 kasseres?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<ul class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-04934b\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id3489_efdc13-12 kt-accordion-has-2-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-basic kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"none\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane3489_742776-27\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Hint<\/strong> \ud83d\udca1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Pladerne skal v\u00e6re mellem 2,35 mm og 2,65 mm. Beregn sandsynligheden for at v\u00e6re UDEN FOR dette interval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Husk! Den samlede sandsynlighed er 1.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane3489_32d860-a2\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\"><strong>Vis l\u00f8sning<\/strong><\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Acceptable plader: 2,35 mm til 2,65 mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(z_1=\\frac{2,35 &#8211; 2,50}{0,10}=-1,50 \\rightarrow P(Z&lt;-1,50)\u22480,0668\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(z_2=\\frac{2,65 &#8211; 2,50}{0,10}=1,50 \\rightarrow P(Z&lt;1,50)\u22480,9332\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(P(2,35&lt;X&lt;2,65)=0,9332 &#8211; 0,0668 = 0,8664\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">P(kasseres) = 1 &#8211; P(2,35&lt;X&lt;2,65) = 1 &#8211; 0,8664 = 0,1336 = 13,36%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><strong>Svar:<\/strong> Mellem 13-14% af pladerne m\u00e5 kasseres.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Konfidensintervaller<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">I statistikken har vi ikke altid mulighed for at m\u00e5le p\u00e5 alt. Derfor udtager man ofte en <strong>stikpr\u00f8ve<\/strong>. Men hvordan kan vi ud fra en stikpr\u00f8ve sige noget om hvordan verdenen h\u00e6nger sammen?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Her kan man kigge p\u00e5 det der hedder et <strong>konfidensinterval<\/strong>. Et konfidensinterval er to tal, hvor imellem vi er 95% sikre p\u00e5 at vores middelv\u00e6rdi ligger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Vi kan udregne disse to tal med f\u00f8lgende formel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" has-text-align-center eplus-wrapper\">\\(\\mu=\\bar{x}\\pm 1,96\\frac{\\rho}{\\sqrt{n}}\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide eplus-wrapper is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b8b37585 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained eplus-styles-uid-92d7d1\">\n<h5 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Forklaring<\/h5>\n\n\n<ul class=\" wp-block-list eplus-wrapper eplus-styles-uid-670c8e\">\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(\\mu\\) = den sande middelv\u00e6rdi (som vi s\u00f8ger)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(\\bar{x}\\) = gennemsnittet af vores stikpr\u00f8ve<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(\\sigma\\) = standardafvigelsen (spredningen)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(n\\) = antal m\u00e5linger i stikpr\u00f8ven<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\" eplus-wrapper\">\\(1,96\\) = z-v\u00e6rdien for 95% konfidensintervallet<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-background-color has-text-color has-link-color eplus-wrapper wp-elements-18e6b15b3e0d15eae7e69f8ac199190f eplus-styles-uid-0a624e\">\n<h5 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Opgave 4<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">Det p\u00e5st\u00e5s at gennemsnitsh\u00f8jden af en p\u00e5 15 \u00e5r er 170,25 cm (for piger er den 166 til 168 cm og for drenge er den 172 til 175 cm &#8211; her er der taget et gennemsnit) med en spredning p\u00e5 7,5 cm. Vi skal unders\u00f8ge om dette er rigtigt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">I skal m\u00e5le jeres h\u00f8jde og indtaste den i skemaet herunder. Vi skal s\u00e5 benytte formlen herover til at udregne 95%-konfidensintervallet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide eplus-wrapper is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b8b37585 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained eplus-styles-uid-29ec4f\">\n<h5 class=\" wp-block-heading eplus-wrapper\">Opgave 5<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\">N\u00e5r man k\u00f8ber en lille (bitte) slikpose st\u00e5r der at den vejer 10 gram. Vi skal unders\u00f8ge om denne p\u00e5stand passer og at vi kan v\u00e6re sikker p\u00e5 at der er 10 gram i en pose. Vi antager en spredning p\u00e5 0,3 gram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\" eplus-wrapper\"><strong>Til l\u00e6reren:<\/strong> Excel dokument til dataindsamling findes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dropbox.com\/scl\/fi\/45t5fu86up00mlphyh5oq\/Slikpose-dataindsamling.xlsx?rlkey=dht3sil1n64gzr5844rgrju5o&amp;st=34ptdkyn&amp;dl=1\">her<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi skal se lidt p\u00e5 statistik og sandsynlighedsregning. Vi skal kaste lidt med nogle terninger, b\u00e5de fysiske og t\u00e6nkte, under s\u00f8ge om firmaer holder hvad de lover og se om vi kan g\u00f8re livet for en matematikl\u00e6rer mere simpelt. Denne side inderholder materialer som vi skal bruge i forbindelse med undervisningen. Terningekast Vi skal kaste [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","editor_plus_copied_stylings":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[57,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3489","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-brobygning","category-matematik"],"featured_image_src":null,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3489"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3921,"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3489\/revisions\/3921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mxth.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}